The Catcher In The Rye Essays (556 words) - Literary Realism

The Catcher in the Rye - foreshadowing - The use of forshadowing in a novel can help it's reader get a sense of what is to come in the story without giving away the events themselves. It is a powerful tool which prevents events from being left unexplained, leaving the reader question the effectivness of an outcome. The eventual breakdown of the character Holden Caufield in J.D. Salinger's controversial 1945 novel "The Catcher in the Rye" was foreshadowed in the early chapters of the book. The first clue is his negative approach to life. He begins by talking about his "lousy childhood" (p.1) and the first traces of profanity can be seen scattered about the page in the form of "crap", "hell" and "goddam". Holden's first sign of distrust comes when he speaks to Ward Stradlater about his date with Jane Gallagher: "Listen. Give my regards, willya?" "Okay," Stradlater said, but I knew he probably wouldn't... "Ask her if she still keeps all her kings in the back row." "Okay," Stradlater said, but I knew he wouldn't. (p.33-34) This is seen again when he doesn't trust Stradlater to stop his advances of Jane in the case that she says no. Holden gives up his faith in people to trust him when he boards a bus holding a snowball. The driver refuses to believe that Holden won't throw the snowball so he draws the conclusion that "People never believe you." (p.37). He is also always placing labels upon people as being "phonies" which gives the reader the idea that Holden thinks that others are materialistic. Holdens attempts to protect the innocence in the world is another early sign of his deteriorating state. When Holden goes to Pheobe's school to deliver his note he sees some swearing of the wall which he says "drove me damn near crazy" (p.201). He wipes the words from the wall in an attempt to prevent the inevitable from occuring, leading the reader to believe that he may experience some mental unstability in the future. Eventually he comes to the realization that he can't rub all the profanity away himself. Another example of Holden's attempt to shelter innocence is the fact that he never does call Jane, possibly for fear that she will scar his memories of her as an innocent child. The title of this novel presents this theme to the reader in that Holden wants to be "the catcher in the rye" (p. ) so he can catch all of the children that sway to close to the edge of a cliff in thier play. Perhaps the most obvious example of foreshadowing in the novel occurs when his parents come close to having him "phsycoanalyzed and all" (p.39) when he breaks all the windows in the garage. Throughout the novel he refers to himself as "a madman" (p.79) which gives the reader the idea that he sees himself as having a sort of mental problem. These two peices of evidence alone present a fairly firm idea of what will happen to Holden towards the end of the story. The use of foreshadowing is evident in the novel "The Catcher in the Rye". It does it's job well in that it foretells the outcome of Holdens many problems and gives reason for it. The eventual breakdown of Holden is not startling to the reader because of the authors use of foreshadowing and therefore it is effective.

Subject and Object Questions Lesson Plans for ESL

Subject and Object Questions Lesson Plans for ESL Asking direct questions is usually one of the more difficult tasks for learners of English. This is principally due to the fact that English inverts its subject and auxiliary  verb in the interrogative form. Once this standard structure is learned, students need to also master the subject question. The following lower-intermediate to intermediate lesson focuses on helping students learn to recognize and employ both types of direct questions. Subject and Object Questions Lesson Plan Aim: Asking direct subject questions, recognizing the difference between subject and object questions Activity: Jumbled questions followed by question pair work employing both subject and object questions with who, what and which Level: Lower-intermediate to intermediate Outline: Activate student knowledge of asking questions by having students ask each other questions in class.If necessary, quickly go over standard question structure (? word auxiliary verb subject principle ver B) on the board in a variety of tenses. Remember to point out that the verb to be is an exception.Write a subject question such as: Who married Tom? on the board. Ask students why this question doesnt follow the standard format.Discuss the difference between a subject and object question with students. Make sure to include examples with who, what and which.Put students in pairs or small groups and ask them to complete the jumbled questions.Correct the exercise in class making sure that students have understood the difference between subject and object questions.Have students pair up and give each pair a Student A and Student B sheet.Have students complete sheets asking each other for any missing information.To follow-up ask students to write a number of subject and object questions as homework. Asking Questions Put the following words in order to make a question. Remember to conjugate the verbs and add an auxiliary verb if required. he/who/visit/last week/which/car/kind of/300 k.p.h/gohim/invite/who/dinner/to/yesterdaywhat/you/tv/buybook/they/read/which/for/classwho/ask/question/the Ask your partner questions to fill in the missing information ​ Student A _____ (who) bought a new car last week. It is a beautiful new Cadillac. He bought the car because __________ (why). My father has driven a Cadillac for many years. _____ (who) says its the kind of car that people respect. In fact, _______ (who) have always driven Cadillacs. I remember that ________ (who) used to drive a Cadillac. When my _____ (who) first met Elvis, he saw that he was driving a ________ (what). It was then that my father decided to buy a _______ (what). ​ Student B My Father bought a ______ (what) last week. It is a beautiful new _______ (what kind of car). He bought the car because he says its the best car in the world. _____ (who) has driven a Cadillac for many years. My father says its the kind of car that ________ (what kind of car). In fact, rich and famous people have always driven _____ (what). I remember that Elvis Presley used to drive a _____ (what). When my father first met _____ (who), he saw that he was driving a pink Cadillac. It was then that _________ (who) decided to buy a Cadillac.

Appraches in Business Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Appraches in Business Psychology - Essay Example It is influenced by experience. To observe that a brain structure or a brain process is correlated with gender does not necessarily imply that brain differences cause gender differences. Gender differences in brain structure may result from gender differences in learning, experience, and socialization. All the elements of an organisation – the members, functions, rules, governing authority, revenue and ideas – must be regrouped around series of basic political issues. Thus, it becomes necessary to identify the issues so that politics in an organisation may be examined in dynamic terms. What issues are these? There are several issues, but the concern of this paper is the issue on the gender. Members are associated within the organisation; they must stand in some kind of relation to each other. In fact, the members are the most important element of the organisation. If the organisation is a pyramid then they were the base; therefore, they are the very foundation of the group. Authorities might be at the top directing and leading the organisation but they should have a thorough understanding of this element to able to run the organisation smoothly. Are all members placed on equal footing? Or are some superior to the rest? The truth is, no matter how bad it seems to be, members would always be categorized according to class in a society where they belong. This fact would tell us that business leaders, in order to interpret their mission and vision, must always conduct class analysis. Rowe (1994) asserted that â€Å"the measures we label as environmental (including such central ones as social class) may hide genetic variation† (p. 5). And how do genes create the environment? To Rowe, The answer is that the genes may construct a nervous system--and that hormones and neurotransmitters may then motivate behaviors resulting in the dramatic redesign of an environment.

Biographies of Ronald Reagan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biographies of Ronald Reagan - Essay Example Though he questions the rationality of Reagan’s policies, he welcomes how his method and political capacity reassured the country and in varied dimensions changed the nation’s political course. He further argues that, Reagan failed to realize his targets. However, he managed to reduce expenditure, taxes, arrears, and size of administration. Furthermore, he instigated a course of change in varied areas that persist to direct the liaison between commonplace Americans and the organization that administer them. The country has undergone a Reagan revolution in many facets of administrational and legal policy. He labeled a ‘big administration’ as a problem. He also made attempts to endorse a conservative social ethic. He changed the lingo and content of U.S. politics in a conservative direction. He brought many devout, scholarly and economic conservatives into the state’s political mainstream. Charles Dunn investigates into the opinionated legacy of Reagan ’s confirmation and rise of his political rank in a democratic system. Reagan at all times presented himself as a commonplace American native in office. He was an ethical and an efficient leader. This efficient leader was also practical, flexible, and at times treacherous. He further describes him as an independent politician. He ventured into politics, not for fame, but due to his firm innate beliefs. This made his political regime has an outstanding appeal even in the worst of situations. Reagan was an efficient communicator who upheld to fundamental principles.

European policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

European policy - Case Study Example The period was marked by five Arab-Israeli wars, the crucial one being, the six-day war in June 1967 when Israel occupied the Syrian Golan Heights, the Jordanian West-Bank, and the Egyptian Sinai Desert, including the Gaza Strip. From the time that Britain withdrew from the Middle East in the years after WWII, the presence and influence of the erstwhile European colonial powers in that region has been minimal. But that influence and power have been replaced by the US, with sporadic inroads sought to be made by Russia either on its own initiatives or on invitation one or the other of some Arab states. One explanation why this happened was that the Europeans had developed a mindset after all that had happened in WW II that it was in their interest to accept the United States "as their common leader".2 However, for some years during the period of the Cold War, France sought to follow somewhat of a 'lonely foreign policy. France had warned Israel against going to war against the Arabs in 1967, even though de Gaulle had good personal relations with Israel's Ben-Gurion. What may be termed a French "Arab policy" had taken shape a few years earlier, at the end of the Algerian war in 1962. In the Arab-Israeli war of 1967, public opinion in the West had been sympathetic to and generally "supportive" of Israel. So, France's warning to Israel before the 1967 war and condemnation after it had particularly endeared France to the Arab world. However, de La Gorce states that this 'Arab policy' of France -if it could be called as such was "in fact merely the logical extension of de Gaulle's overall foreign policy and his encouragement of states not wanting to belong to either of the two major blocs."3 Thus France's approach to Arab-Israeli confrontation was far removed from that of the other me mbers of the European community. France was, of course, of the view that unconditional endorsement of Israel's animosity would only prolong the conflict but would also help to further build up the intensity of frustration and consequent violence. But France was not able to influence the policy or to exert any significant impact on other European states from altering their stance vis-'-vis the Arab states. The oil shock of 1973 France's approach to the Arab-Israeli conflict thus was an 'isolated one' in Europe - but only until October 1973. In October 1973 the Arab oil producing states raised oil prices by 500% and imposed an oil embargo, which shocked the western world. The European states were shaken out their smugness in relation to the Arab world and forced to think anew. The European community members met the same month and called for a 'political' settlement of the Arab-Israeli problem, including the Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories since 1967 and acknowledging the rights of the Palestinian people. The nine Member States of the European Community issued a statement on November 6, 1973 that referred to UN resolution 242 and mentioned the 'legitimate rights'

The appointment of Silvio Napoli at Schindler India

The appointment of Silvio Napoli at Schindler India The decision to choose Silvio Napoli as the general manager for Schindler India was not right. For status, his character and way of doing business was such that he used to dictate what to be done. The worrier character was not good for India where people are open minded. He did not have any international experience. Napoli ought to have been taken through some training before being assigned the job in India. Schindler also had very high expectation because Napoli believed that the company was to grow at a very fast rate in the first five years. Unfortunately this did not happen. Schinders target was to sell 50 units in the first year and occupy 20% of the market share after five years. There are however instances when Napoli made reasonable decisions in his role as general manager. Selecting a team of experienced members was one such instance. Adding buy-ins onto the companys business model was also a wise step. It was however very unwise of him to relocate his family at the same time when he was to begin his work as a general manager. So much time was wasted dealing with personal issues making him lack the much needed concentration. Rejecting to make alterations in the business plan when need arose was also a negative decision. The increase in transfer rates and imports rates from 22% to 56% was a big blow to the company but it was a good idea to turn to outsourcing strategy. The lack of urgency by the Europe plant to the needs of the India plant was also discouraging. Napoli should therefore have reported the matter to Mr. Schindler so that he could use his power to make the plans work out faster. Did Schindler make the right choice in selecting Silvio Napoli as general manager for India? Schindler must have made the worst choice in selecting Silvio Napoli to be their general manager in India. As much as he might have had success in Switzerland, India was a new world that had its own way of doing business. Its no doubt that Napoli was an MBA graduate from Harvard Business School but in business there is more to offer than the mere knowledge. Besides heading such a huge firm, the company ought to have selected an individual with international experience in the real world. Its a nice thing that he was successful in Switzerland but there were still many aspects that Schindler had to consider. To begin with, Napolis management style was not applicable in India. He is one person who believes that people have to follow what he says and he calls all the shots. He must have developed this form of leadership from the culture in Swtizerland where hierarchy was very clear. For instance Napoli recalls that when he began his first job in Sweden, the employees were very responsive to anything he requested. This is just a confirmation that the leaders were very much feared in Switzerland. One of the employees even says He was the assistant to Mr. Schindler, so I knew Id better be nice to him. It must have been the culture in Switzerland to tread carefully with those in leadership. Unfortunately Napoli transferred this culture to India without really understanding that this was a different country with different traditions. It is common for a businessman to confront a new culture by thinking that his way was the best way. This is exactly what Napoli did. From the study, he says he had to adapt his way of management which did not succeed. Schindler ought to have taken Napoli through some management training before giving him a job in a different country. The most important area that needed training was the issue of building relationships. Indians have a very different way of doing business since they value good relationships before anything else. For one to succeed in doing business in India, he has to understand that trust is a very important virtue for them. This is an area where Napoli definitely failed since be imposed his own way of management. Moreover, in India everybody is very respective of his position and duties. For instance moving a desk in the office can not be done by anyone else other than the peon. The best general manager had to be an individual who could change his behavior under different circumstances depending on the situation. It would therefore been a good idea for the company to take some of its managers through some kind of mentality test so as to determine the best man for the position. The general manager makes very important decisions for the company and therefore should understand his employees. A good organizational culture is also very important for any company. The general manager should therefore be capable of creating good relationship between employees and the leadership as well as amongst the employees. This is where Napoli went totally wrong. His colleagues describe him as impatient, impulsive and over-communicative on some occasions. If fellow workmates can say this about their general manager then there must be a very big problem. The expectations of Schindler were very high since it needed to grow very fast within a short period of time. With Napolis character: impulsive, impatient and so on, it would most probably take a very long time before the Indian branch stabilized and began making the required profits. Schindlers expectations were to make sales of about 50 units during the first year of business and acquire 20% market share in the first five years. These are definitely high expectations for an individual who had very little experience in international business. The company should have chosen a general manager who had worked for the company for a longer time and had the experience of working in various countries or various cultures. Just like in Switzerland where Napoli was answerable to the CEO, it would have been better if the company had done the same in India. It even appears that it was obvious that Napoli was not fit for the job in India. In the case study, one of his colleagues says He wants eve rything done yesterday and in India things dont get done yesterday. This is a clear indication that Napolis character was not compatible with the culture in India. Looking at the whole study, the main problem seemed to be on poor leadership. This is enough proof that Napoli was not fit for the job. On several occasions he was seen to underestimate the potential of his management team and yet he had hired them for the same job of providing advice. For instance when he realized that the team had taken an order for custom glass pod elevators, he rejected the order because he claimed that it was a violation of the companys strategy. Remember this was a decision from a team he had picked because he needed assistance from the members. On another occasion he rejected another offer to equip a government building in Mumbai with glass walled elevators. Team members insisted that it was only a minor modification of their S001 model but Napoli insisted that it would be difficult for a new team to install the elevators. A good general manager should be one who can accept challenges and be ready to take up the job as long as it is for the good of the company . Similarly he should be able to accept the views of his management team because this is what they are paid for. There is no need in having a team whose views do not count on any occasion. He dictated all that was to be done. As Luc Bonnard, how would you evaluate Silvios first seven months as general manager of the Indian company? What advice would you offer? Even though there were negative attributes with Silvios performance, it is worth saying that he also showed very positive performance on some occasions. For instance he was very logical in selecting his management team. His plan was well thought since he understood the kind of environment he was working in. It was therefore wise for him to select his team from a pool of experienced candidates identified by Egon Zehnder. Starting with 42 year old Kara Signh as the managing director, to 33 year old Jujudan Jena who was recruited for the position of chief financial officer, it was wise of him to pick a team of experienced individuals to help him since he lacked the experience. This team would help show the right way by which the company was to follow. Considering the fact that the selected team was from India, they had a clue on what to expect and would therefore provide the best advice. Most importantly, he had a reason for the selection of every member of the team. For instance when picking the chief financial officer, he said You try to see whether the character of the person is compatible with yoursà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Fagan, Yoshino Bartlett 6). This is an indication that he did not just choose blindly but was looking at very important characteristics. He is justified to do so because if you choose someone that you are not compatible with, it might be difficult to make decisions. A compatible team ensures that there is trust amongst the members and most importantly good relationship or cohesion. Without trust, members will all be in differences and poor working relationships is the last thing one would need for such a company with high expectations. It was also a positive initiative for Silvio to hold a meeting with his teammates to introduce them to one another so that they could know who they were working with. Meeting also helps bring about one on one communication among team members and thereby developing trust among the members. It is through this meeting that members could also share views on how to run the business. Silvio also had the desire to get views from the management team rather than solely relying on his own ideas. Considering that these were people who were to help run the company, it was important that buy-ins from the team were added to Silvios business model right from the word go. On a negative point of view, it was wrong for him to relocate his family when he was supposed to start his work in India. The best option would be for him to either move the family after he had established the company and it had started running or he would have moved the family prior to his commencement of work. There was so much time lost dealing with family issues like the accidents his children had gone through leave alone spending so much time looking for a good place to live. This time could be dedicated to working at the company. Because of his family problems: his child getting cut on the forehead, his wife suffering from food poison and his son breaking his leg made him unsettled and therefore he could not concentrate on his work. There was no single goal that was well executed because her was not settled. He also ought to have accepted to make alterations when the market required that the business plan needed to be altered. The problem with Silvio was that he was so determined to go by his business plan even when it was so obvious that it wont work. For instance his plan suggested that there would be no customization of products. On the other hand, customers reveled that there was no way the standard product line was going to be accepted for the initial orders received by Schindler India. The best advice I would give the company is for its management to reevaluate Schindler Indias business plan. From there, Silvio will have to gain the teams respect and support for the business to run smoothly. The culture back in Switzerland was that you had to respect your leader. This is the reason as to why Silvio earned respect from the companys employees regardless of how tough he was. The situation in India is however different; Silvio has to make sure that he is respected by the management team. His worrier style of management was not doing him any good in India. Perhaps it was time that he learned the monk attributes for him to earn the respect of team members. What advice would you give to Silvio regarding his decision on the non-standard glass wall elevator that has been ordered? Despite the fact that the company was going to make a loss if it accepted the order, Silvio should just go ahead and accept it. The most important thing at this point is for the company to penetrate into the market. Unfortunately, sometimes a business just has to make some loss to benefit from it in another way. The market is dominated by strong competitors and this is the chance to show customers the difference between the Schindler and other competitors. If Silvio can accept the order, the company will most likely be accepted in the market because it provides what the customers need. The company could still end up making profits if Silvio demonstrate reliability, pulls off installation and most importantly provide the customers with superior services than its competitors. Even though its always good for the management to commit itself to the companys business plan, sometimes it calls for adjustments in one way or the other to benefit from market share. At this point the company had not received much entry into the market. By accepting the order to supply a government building with elevators that had glass walls, it will give the company entry into a very important part of the market. The government as an institution adds new buildings every now and then. Supplying the government building with the best elevators, might earn the company more orders when need arise. Customer loyalty is very important in business because it keeps the customers coming back. It also opens for more ways because a good job to a customer will make him inform his friends about the good job you did and this might help the company own a bigger market share. Besides the teams members some of who are experts in the elevator industry understand that the glass-walled elevators was only a modification of the standard product the company had. There is no doubt that it might cost the company a little more but the most important issue is it will still give the company a very good opportunity to penetrate into the market. Silvio should also take up the initiative to inform Mr. Schindler about European plans which are definitely not giving him the support he needs. It was very important for the company to outsource the S001 model to local suppliers immediately. Any details will definitely be disadvantageous to the company. Mr. Schindler needs to be informed about the situation so that he might use his power and position to talk to the Europe plant to quickly respond to the needs of the Indian plant. The increase of rates of import duty from 22% to 56% has a very devastating effect to the companys objective of breaking even. It was very wise for the company to take the alternative idea of outsourcing elevators to local suppliers. This is the spirit of a successful company at this point in time when competition is high. Plans to accelerate the supply of S001 could not be delayed any longer because this was the only available chance for the success of the company. 50 units are enough to make good money fo r the company. Informing the CEO about the delays might see things change. How should he deal with the challenge he is facing over transfer prices and limited technical cooperation from the Europe plants? Both the transfer prices and limited technical cooperation from the Europe plants are serious issues that need immediate attention since they are crippling the company pursue for success. According to the companys business plan, the company was to outsource key logistic and manufacturing function in order to gain the much needed competitive advantage. This is the best way for the company to evade the high import duties charged by India and high transfer prices and most importantly to keep the overhead cost low. The first option he has would be to stick to the plans because this will cut the cost. By doing so, there will be no need to import items from abroad because the company will deal with what is locally available. He should therefore stick to the outsourcing concept because this is the best way to avoid the transfer rates and high import rates. However, since the European plant seems to be slow in responding to Schindler Indias needs, it would be better for Silvio to inform Mr. Schindler about the issue. With his position and power, he is most likely to make the European companies to harry up. On the other hand if he kept quite, all the blame will be upon him, and the compny will lose out on its desire to own 20 % of the market share. One of the responsibilities of a general manager is to discuss the companys policies and strategies with the top management. The final approval comes from top management. In this situation, Mr. Schindler should be informed about the delays because he is in a better position to deal with the European plants. Time is of the essence for the company and it cannot afford to waste any single minute if it is to remain competitive in the market. All its competitors must be looking for ways to cut down on their overall costs. The best company will therefore be that which acts quickly and respond to the needs of the customers. Unfortunately, issues to do with increase in transfer rates or import duties do not concern the customers. For them, the most important thing is getting the best products at reasonable prices. It is however, still important that Schindler India maintains good relationship with the companys plant in Europe because these are parts of one family. There is no need Silvio to make the managers of the plant in Europe to look incompetent. It is important that he reports the matter to the CEO in a manner that would not make the management of the Europe plant look incompetent. There might be some miscommunication or some technical problem that was beyond the control of the management team of the plant. In business sometimes things happen beyond the control of the management team but the most important thing is how the team deals with it. Its good that Alfred Schindler understands that the business experience in India was similar to that of a battlefield. He also understands that the environment in India was very hostile and calls for the management team to be tough. The sudden increase in transfer rates is an example of the hostile environment. It calls for Silvio to remain calm and deal with the issue in the right way. A direct communication with the general manager of the Europe plant could also have been of importance. The best mode of communication would be to call him directly other than using mails or talking to other members of the management team. Alternatively he would have taken a fight to the Europe plant to find out what the issue really was. A good general manager should act fast to make corrections whenever necessary. It is of no help for him to remain in India and keep waiting for response from Europe. Urgent issues need urgent response and this was an urgent issue that ought to be solved immediately. What action should Luc Bonnard take with Napoli moving forward? Looking at Napolis profile, he seems to posses the much needed knowledge to run a business. He needs to understand that every environment has its own way of doing business. To begin with Napoli needs to be taken for some serious training on how to conduct business in different countries or cultures. It is not just enough to base the success of an individual on his educational background, his character or his performance in one project. There is no doubt that Napoli was successful in Switzerland. But this is India and not Switzerland. Moreover, in Switzerland he used to report to the CEO and the Swiss culture was such that employees were very cautious when dealing with people in top management positions. However, the culture was totally different. For instance unlike in Switzerland where a young veteran said He was the assistant to Mr. Schindler, so I knew Id better be nice to him, the situation totally different in Indi(Fagan, Yoshino Bartlett 3). The first question he was asked by M.K was who are your friends inside the company? Who doesnt like you?Fagan, Yoshino Bartlett 5) This implies that Indians are much brave and would speak their minds out. Other than training he also needs to shade his worrier character and pick up the monk character. Luc Bonnard should therefore make sure that Napoli looks at his business plan afresh. Together with his management team, Napoli should re-evaluate the companys aspirations since the business model seemed to be over ambitious. For instance it stated that the company was to make a high level growth by the end of its first five years in the market. What he did not understand was that the market environment in India was unpredictable and you have to use the first year to learn before making conclusive plans. Similarly, the business model the company went for had never been attempted in India. Even though its wise to come up with new ideas in business, a research has to be done before putting the idea to practice. Focusing on the standardized elevators was not a wise move because it had never been done before. There is a need for a business model to be flexible if a company is to succeed in any competitive market. This is also an area that Bonnard should ensure that Napoli readjusts in hi s business model. The biggest obstacle to Schindler India success has to be Napolis business model. If he has to continue as at general manager, Bonnard should also ensure that this obstacle is conquered for the company to register any growth. Bonnard should also ask Napoli to reevaluate his management team. To be specific, the chief financial officer needs to pull up his socks. It is the responsibility of the chief financial officer to evaluate the market situations and predict any possible changes to come in future. He seems to have failed on this part because it was his responsibility to inform the company in advance about the changes in transfer prices and export. The idea of using outsourcing as a strategy to go past the problem of increased transfer and import rates seemed to have backfired. Advice on money matters should be addressed by the chief financial officer and therefore he must have been the source of this strategy. Apart from Jena Jujudhan, he does not seem to have enough experience to control financial matters of an international company under pressure of establishing itself in a new market. Although it might not be wise to suck a general manager after such a short time, this might also be a good solution for the company. Another experienced member could be given the mandate to run the plant in India while Napoli could be returned to Switzerland where he seems to be successful. As the Vice President, Bonnard should also consider teaming up with a local elevator company because it might have an understanding of how the market in India works. By going into the new market without merging with any other company, it proved to be a little bit difficult. Even though the management team was made up of experienced members who had worked in India, this was not enough. All of them were from different companies and therefore had different strategies. Bonnard should therefore consider merging with a local company in order to benefit from some of its customers.

Napoleon Essay -- essays research papers

In 1797, Napoleon Bonaparte became first consul after overthrowing the Directory and establishing the Consultate. He had many achievements for France under educational, financial, administrative, legal and religious reforms. However, these achievements are often exaggerated. Napoleon was indeed the ‘heir’ of the revolution as he completed much of the work that the revolution had started, such as the creation of a Civil Code and the reforming of the education system. Despite this, he also destroyed much of the revolution’s work. He ignored and betrayed some of the revolution’s beliefs and much of his achievements were incomplete. Napoleon’s achievements in Europe were mainly for his own purposes – he wanted to enhance his prestige and make France a great nation. He appears to have had little interest in helping the European people. Napoleon, although his main achievements centered on areas such as administration, had other remarkable, although minor, achievements in France. He improved the appearance of French cities such as Paris by building bridges and canals and by planting trees at the sides of roads to protect them from the sun. This aided the beauty of Paris as it is today. Napoleon also reformed the tax system, which meant that no one was tax exempt. One particular achievement, which may rank on the same level of importance as the Napoleonic code, but appears to be often overlooked in textbooks, is Napoleon’s founding of a national education system from primary to university. The focus of his attention was secondary schools, of which he opened more. Higher education also became more available in major cities. Napoleon spent more money on education than anything else during his time in power. However, Napoleon was somewhat inefficient in this achievement. The educational system discriminated against females. Napoleon saw education as being “not suitable'; for girls. Female students were to learn the very basics of education – how to read and write, and also how to do traditional female work such as nursing and embroidering. Pupils had little choice over their career – most were forced into a military career. What is considered to be Napoleon’s most significant achievement for France was his establishment of the ‘Napoleonic Code&... ...id so in order that France would be the beneficiary'; Napoleon went against the French revolution’s belief in freedom of speech. He reduced and suppressed newspapers in France and the newspapers that remained were threatened or bribed in to supporting him. It has been claimed that “his genius owes more to propaganda than to deeds';. Napoleon did wish to continue revolutionary reforms. Although it can be argued that he did not continue all of its aims, this was because many of the revolution’s goals and believes were impractical: “we must see what was real and politically possible in it’s principles, instead of grasping at their speculative and hypothetical side.'; After 1815,France lost all of the territory she had acquired in the Napoleonic wars. The monarchy was restored in France and Germany and Italy were still not united. Therefore, Many of Napoleon’s achievements did not last. Napoleon was the ‘heir’ of the revolution but his achievements are exaggerated because the revolution had al ready done much of his work for him: “…he found the work already three-quarters done for him';.

A Hunger Artist Analysis Essay

Franz Kafka is the author and writer of the poem â€Å"A Hunger Artist†. ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ has fascinated about fasting and one of the main reasons is how less people have taken interest in participating in this weird act making it rare thing to do. While ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ was fasting years ago, people were paying for admission to go and witness this wise and unique behavior. ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ kept he himself concealed a cage and his priority was to be able go hungry more than 40 days. There are butchers who keep an eye on ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ to make sure he can’t cheat the people who take interest in him by sneaking a little food here and there which makes him pretty angry and frustrated. Pablo Picasso drew a famous portrait called Crucifixion years ago. If you look at the portrait and have a good understanding of ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ it is easy to comprehend and see some similarities between them. The Crucifixion shows a whole variety of colors red, green and yellow representing its tone. In the picture there is a strong view of passion, tragedy and sacrifice which all kind of fits into the tone of ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’. The photo shows a significance of being one of the most popular religious paintings. One interesting fact about the portrait was that Picasso had intended to have looked at only by his close friends Franz Kafka’s main point is to show how there is a capitalism of art that has a bad reputation by others. He even painted a very unique portrait of ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ that shows ‘’‘The Hunger Artist’ ’passionate about his fasting and fame is he is achieving from the public. This stories genre can also be seen in the Picassos photo ‘Crucifixion’. If you look really hard at the photo you can see woman surrounding the Christ on the cross. It is obvious that the Christ was getting attention and specifically in that picture there were woman trying to come to his aid. Similar to the way two women were trying to help ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ and help him out of his cage but him initially refused. As you get deeper into the story it’s noticeable that ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ is not as independent as he was early. After some time an impresario is told to administer the show and guide ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’. The impresario gives ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ a certain amount of time to fast and these causes ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ to lose his free will. ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ had his cage placed by the animals so that the people walking by to observe would have to run into him regardless. A lot of people pass with no disregard but he does eventually get the attention of quite a few viewers. Fafka shows the famous ‘‘Hunger Artist’’ going through such emotional pain and being recognized as a sort of icon to society. Much like the cage that he is in shows him being imprisoned, Picassos painting he also gives a very unique description of the Christ suffering which is very similar to ‘’The Hunger Artist’’ because shows an expression of the Christ’s frustration and dealing with a great amount of pain he is going though especially because he has no way of getting himself off that cross unless he asks for help. Like the â€Å"The Hunger Artist† he was refusing to beg for mercy and peacefully died on the cross. ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ has a weird obsession with fasting and he makes people believe it’s a simple thing to do, but a majority of people do not believe him. To him a great public performance is him sitting a cage suffering and starting to slowly die from the severity of the starvation. It makes ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ happy to see people enjoy food in front of him while he fasts and the feeling of him viewing that makes him feel more superior. He does want anyone to judge his art and even there really no one that can fully understand what his main point for fasting is but that makes him proud about his craft. What makes it a great twist is that audience may not understand the art but enjoys it while ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ understands and does not enjoy it. Kafka kind of creates a similarity and comparison with suffering between ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ and Jesus Christ . the impresario proves to the audience how weak and exhausted ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ is with pictures. The people’s sudden change of behavior when viewing art is one the things Kafka digs deep into. In the painting ‘’Crucifixion’’ you can also see the Christ has one of his arms stretched out and the other hidden the bright light, on either side of the Christ are the moon and the sun. If you also look very carefully you can see two people sitting below the Christ playing a game of dice on a table just below the cross. This shares a similarity with The Hunger Artist because a majority of people who visited the zoo observed â€Å"The Hunger Artist† and acted like nothing was out of the ordinary. That’s how people treated the Crucifying of the Christ years and years ago, it didn’t seem cruel or hurtful it was just a normal religious practice occurring. His way of dealing with his freedom loss was to continually pushing to show the significance of his art. Even though ‘‘The Hunger Artist’’ would like everyone’s attention that’s looking at the animals he mainly focuses on the people who just stare and observe him to challenge the people in the zoo. Getting very fed up because to his knowledge the people are not really all that interested and he cloaks his anger without showing any signs of madness and to them he’s sort of a like a freak . But he never stopped and continued on entertaining people. Pablo Picasso shared a great sense of wanting to bed remembered for his old Egyptian style oil paintings. He actually had been in love with the two women seen in the photo; their names were Marie Therese Walter, and Olga, his wife.

Masacres of sabra and shatila essays

Masacres of sabra and shatila essays Many acts of violence amongst the Palestinian and the Israelis can be justified. The Palestinian have been tortured for years. Since 1948 they have been through out of there own country and refugee camps by jews. One of the most tragic cases is the on that happened in Sabra and Shatila. The jews their homes, then proceeded to invade there camps so they can be eliminated. The Israelis injured nearly 18,000 and killed approximately 30.000 people. When Palestinians go to fight back, how can their acts not be justified? Its not like there is anyone helping them like the jews get money from everyone across the world because of the holocaust. The massacre of Sabra and Shatila started on June 6 1982, the Israeli army invaded Lebanon as revenge for the attempted assassination of the Israeli Ambassador in London, two days before. By June 18th, Israel had surrounded the PLO armed forces in the western part of the Lebanese capital. A cease-fire turned in to the PLO evacuation of Beirut on September 1st. On September 11th, Ariel Sharon, the leader of the invasion, decided that 2,000 terrorists" had stayed inside the Palestinian refugee camps around Beirut. On the 15th, Israeli army occupied West Beirut, watching closely the camps of Sabra and Shatila, which had Lebanese and Palestinian people. By that same night, the refugee camps were all surrounded by Israeli tanks and soldiers, who installed checkpoints and crossroads around the camps to control who entered and who exited. Ariel Sharon announced that 2,000 terrorists had remained inside the Palestinian refugee camps around Beirut. the Tsahal forces are forbidden to enter the refugee camps. The mopping-up of the camps will be carried out by the Phalanges or the Lebanese army. The next day about 150 Israeli-allies entered the first camp. For the following 40 hours members of the military allies raped, killed, and injured a large...

The Black Exodus Into Time essays

The Black Exodus Into Time essays We are living in a time of modernization. The impact of modernization has had a tremendous affect on the black community of America. Through this modernization, we have created a struggle among the search for black identity. For years, we (Blacks) have been struggling to empower the black community by incorporating our race into the powers that be or the white community. In our time of struggle, hopelessness has taken over the mindset of many Black-Americans. We still have a deep sense of alienation, despair, and uncertainty among our culture. The idea of black identity can be looked at through many different aspects, but there is only two critical ways of really looking at it in my mind. Those two categories are that of nationalist and assimilationist, black-identified or white-identified respectively (Hooks, 4). Looking at this idea of black identity, we can pose a basis of how all people of the middle-class black community can collect together to further involve ourselves i n the white mans society as a group collectively to achieve a higher level of respect and understanding. To begin this new social-revolutionary period, the help of the black-middle class people is needed. The white-identified black persons or assimilationists need to reassess their relationship with this pop-culture and rejoin the resistance struggle along side the brothers of color until our people as a whole is better accepted by the society of today (Hooks, 4). The time is now for the final step of the advancement of the black people in todays society. This new revolution has been going on for years now, from our educated brothers in Africa, to people like Denmark Vesey, all the way up to the middle class Blacks or the Aristocrats of color. According to Bell Hooks, this revolution is dependent on the educated middle class Blacks, the intellectuals. We may look to the white-identified black persons for help, but it may be to no avail. ...

Politic Matters and Its Effects on Childhood in Congo Research Paper

Politic Matters and Its Effects on Childhood in Congo - Research Paper Example Childhood is a phase everyone goes through to learn, socialize and integrate into the wider society. However, due to the fact that a child is in a preparatory phase of their lives to be ushered into an era where they will work and become productive to their nations, they need to be given proper care and medical attention to ensure that they remain healthy and have a good early life to give optimal results in their adult life. Maintaining and enhancing childhood and child health has not been easy for nations in the developing world, particularly conflict-plagued nations in Africa. These nations are often plagued with war and conflicts. These conflicts make it difficult for Western-influenced medical and social intervention difficult. This paper examines the childhood, war, and conflict as well as how it affects children in Africa with special emphasis on Congo. Child Health & Childhood Childhood is seen as the early years of a person’s life where the person socializes with memb ers of the society and gains an understanding of the world around him or her in preparation for a productive life after age 18 (NICHD Early Childhood Research Network, 2005). In most studies covered by this research though, childhood seems to stretch from the time of birth to about age 12, where a child needs care and attention. As a child grows, s/he needs to get a proper blend of emotional, mental and physical health (Kehily, 2004) in order to become a stable and healthy adult. Emotional health encompasses the right bonds with adults, care and protection from trauma and other harsh conditions that may make a child disturbed. Mental health has to do with the right structures that will give the child a stable mind. Physical health means protection from diseases and other physical injuries that would prevent the child from normal life. In the modern setting, these things should be available to the child as he goes through contact with his or her parents, school and the local communit y. Clarke et al (2003) stress that a good childhood is one in which a child gets the opportunity to grow up an ideal setting. This includes access to good and healthy food, the opportunity to learn and play, protection from diseases and harsh environmental conditions as well as access to proper health care. Child health is the â€Å"professional and academic field that focuses on the determinants, mechanisms and systems that operate and maintain the health, safety, wellbeing and appropriate development of children and their families in countries and societies in order to enhance the future health of society and subsequent generations† (Alexander et al, 2004) This is an aggregate and collective view of the process and system of child health. It shows that child health is about the entire health profession, research, and academic community and its relation with the creation and maintenance of structures and systems that ensure the wellbeing and proper growth of children and the people closest to them that they will normally fall upon for assistance and support.  

Compare the stories in The Thirteen Problems with any of Agatha Essay

Compare the stories in The Thirteen Problems with any of Agatha Christie's later Miss Marple stories (or novels) from the 1950s - Essay Example Her books have been so popular that only the Bible can beat that record. She was one of the shining stars of the few writers who did justice to detectives and introduced to the world a whole new perception and book reading. Over the years of her writing career, she grew as a writer. Her genre and characters dint change, but their procedures and other details certainly did. Agatha Christie managed to keep her books alive with time easily coping up with the changes in people’s thoughts and expectations. Her two books â€Å"The thirteen Problems† and â€Å"A Caribbean Mystery† are miles and years apart, but they both were distinct and popular in their own way. What made them so different, and yet so same? (Agatha Christie Biography). The detective stories by Agatha Christie have some unique elements. First, classical detective stories do not usually assume the possibility of occasional mistakes or the force of circumstances which can occasionally change the situatio n. Agatha Christie depicts real people who may easily make mistake or be influenced by something. However, she provides her detectives with such unique traits and ability to use so flexible logic that they are able to reveal even casual mistakes and circumstances, which prevent the police from revealing the truth. The next feature is the lack of description of bloody scenes of murder, Christie was against cruel scenes. The third important peculiarity is social atmosphere, which is similar for all the stories by Agatha Christie. First she introduces all the heroes to the reader and the murder happens afterwards (Judgement Book Reviews). The focal point of this paper will be Agatha’s stories that involved Miss Marple. She is one of the most important parts of Agatha’s novels. What made Miss Marple so popular? And how did the people come around to liking a woman in a role which was already defined by a man through Sherlock Holmes? Miss Marple was a usual old lady and for readers her appealing quality was how normal she actually was. Just because she solved mysteries and crimes did not make her a super hero. The fact that like every other old lady she was interested in the typical hobbies of knitting and gossiping made her believable and true. Agatha Christie managed to bring rationality into the character by making her old, had Miss Marple been young, she wouldn’t have had the experience to understand human nature as well as she did in order to solve mysteries. Miss Marple’s nature of gardening and living in the village made the readers realize with ease that this woman was just like everybody else. This made her quite easy to be accepted and loved by people. (Marple's Profile) â€Å"The Thirteen Problems† was a short story collection by Agatha Christie that revolved around Miss Marple’s detective abilities. It is about six friends who sit together and form a club where they share stories, more like they talk about myster ious deaths of people and try to conclude as to who might have done it. In this little game of theirs, Miss Marple outshines every one and this becomes the beginning of the character of Miss Marple as a rather eligible detective. The book basically revolves around thirteen different cases, hence the title of the book. Miss Marple’s introduction to the world and Agatha’s readers was through this very book. She got introduced as a woman, who was unwillingly invited to the Tuesday night club with her nephew’